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The need for evidence-based decision making at all levels of government is perhaps greatest in fragile settings. Data deficiencies contribute to state fragility and exacerbate constraints on the capacity to provide basic services, public security, and the rule of law. The lack of robust, good-quality data can also have a disabling effect on government efforts to manage political conflict. Indeed, the lack of data can worsen conflict, since violent settings pose substantial challenges to knowledge generation, capture, andapplication. The development of sustainable and professional data-literate stakeholders who are able to produce and increase the quality and accessibility of official statistics can help to improve development outcomes. Goodquality and reliable statistics are required to track the progress of development policies through the monitoring of performance indicators and targets and to ensure that public resources are achieving results. Although reliable data alone cannot have a transformative effect without the right contextual incentives, they constitute an essential prerequisite for greater accountability and more efficient decision making. Data-Driven Decision Making in Fragile Contexts: Evidence from Sudanexplores methods and insights for datacollection and use in fragile contexts, with a focus on findings from Sudan. It begins by posing several questions on the political economy of data and then sets out a framework for assessing the validity, reliability, and potential impact of data on decision making in fragile settings. It then provides insights regarding the challenges associated with data-driven decision making in Sudan, derived from the 2014-15 United Kingdom's Department for International Development Sudanese household survey. Featured are data-driven analyses of diverse topics, from public service delivery to the interplay of governance, trust, andstate legitimacy. As the data revolution and the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals herald an increasing need to solicit the perceptions and experiences of program beneficiaries, the impetus to develop and deploy good quality survey instruments will increase. This volume provides an important proof of concept that this type ofendeavor is both feasible and useful in fragile contexts and, in combination with other important data collection tools, can be effectively utilized to enrich the evidence base of decision making in these settings.

Accountability --- Conflict --- Decision-Making --- Fragile --- Statistics

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Government accountability. --- 2000-2099 --- United States --- United States. --- Defenses --- Economic aspects

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This book explains how and when developing countries will increase taxation to fund state development. Taxation fundamentally changes the relationship between governments and citizens, leading citizens to increase the demands they place on government. While this can lead governments to decrease corruption and increase public goods, it can also lead governments to strategically underinvest in state capacity and to lower taxation in order to reduce citizens' demands. The book shows that low-capacity democracies are particularly prone to low taxation.

Taxation --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Government accountability --- Public administration --- Accountability in government --- Responsibility --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Public finances --- Currency question

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Corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSR/CER) can be understood as practices which voluntarily extend beyond mere compliance with mandatory social and environmental standards. Corporate social and environmental responsibility: Another road to China’s sustainable development , by Mengxing Lu, contributes to the current debate of CSR/CER by providing a legal and economic analysis of CSR/CER and its relationship with regulation. Although the development of CSR/CER is at an early juncture in China, it is nevertheless a prominent topic for Chinese policy makers and business leaders alike. By depicting the landscape of CSR/CER in China, Corporate social and environmental responsibility: Another road to China’s sustainable development successfully demonstrates the vast potential for CSR/CER’s contribution to China’s sustainable development.

Environmental responsibility. --- Social responsibility of business. --- Ecological accountability --- Ecological responsibility --- Environmental accountability --- Environmental ethics --- Responsibility --- Business --- Corporate accountability --- Corporate responsibility --- Corporate social responsibility --- Corporations --- CSR (Corporate social responsibility) --- Industries --- Social responsibility, Corporate --- Social responsibility of industry --- Business ethics --- Issues management --- Social responsibility --- Social aspects

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The social sector is undergoing a major transformation. We are witnessing an explosion in efforts to deliver social change, a burgeoning impact investing industry, and an unprecedented intergenerational transfer of wealth. Yet we live in a world of rapidly rising inequality, where social sector services are unable to keep up with societal need, and governments are stretched beyond their means. Alnoor Ebrahim addresses one of the fundamental dilemmas facing leaders as they navigate this uncertain terrain: performance measurement. How can they track performance towards worthy goals such as reducing poverty, improving public health, or advancing human rights? What results can they reasonably measure and legitimately take credit for? This book tackles three core challenges of performance faced by social enterprises and nonprofit organizations alike: what to measure, what kinds of performance systems to build, and how to align multiple demands for accountability. It lays out four different types of strategies for managers to consider—niche, integrated, emergent, and ecosystem—and details the types of performance measurement and accountability systems best suited to each. Finally, this book examines the roles of funders such as impact investors, philanthropic foundations, and international aid agencies, laying out how they can best enable meaningful performance measurement.

Nonprofit organizations --- Organizational effectiveness --- Social change --- Social entrepreneurship --- Evaluation. --- Measurement. --- accountability. --- contingency theory. --- impact investing. --- international aid. --- nonprofit organization. --- organizational design. --- performance measurement. --- philanthropy. --- social enterprise. --- strategy.